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popular vote pros and cons
The delegates believed that the presidents power should be limited, and that he should be chosen through the system known as the Electoral College. this century and as recently as 1988 when a Democrat Elector in the State of West Virginia national popular majority. Of the 538 Electoral College votes available, Donald J. Trump received 304 votes, Hillary Clinton received 227 votes, and seven votes went to others: three for Colin Powell, one for Faith Spotted Eagle, one for John Kasich, one for Ron Paul, and one for Bernie Sanders). To some it is for, stating that a candidate that clearly wins the popular vote does not win, but the winner will be decided by the candidate who reaches 270 in the electoral college votes. another (before the meeting of the Electors) or else, absent an absolute majority in the States according to the size of their population. Keep up the good work. Certain penalties exist in other states. they point out, president would be selected either through the domination of one populous Based off this Electoral College system procedure, it leads to many advantages and disadvantages that eventually lead to the winning 270 needed votes. Advantages and Disadvantages of the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. Nor should we tamper with the careful balance of power between the The ultimate solution was an indirect method of choosing the president With about 93 percent of the countrys slaves toiling in just five southern states, that region was the undoubted beneficiary of the compromise, increasing the size of the Souths congressional delegation by 42 percent. Dr. Robin Jacobson, professor and chair of politics and government at University of Puget Sound, said that One [pro of the Electoral College] is that it makes sure that states that otherwise might feel left out of the process are included despite their small size. Electoral votes incentivize voting in less populated states by increasing and emphasizing the impact of each state. WebWhat are the advantages of National Popular Vote? Essays in Elections The Electoral College. That important decision ultimately falls to the Electoral College. What we see is these candidates now largely ignoring large swaths of the United States where the direction of the votes is a foregone conclusion. With the NPVIC, candidates would be motivated to visit more than just swing states during their campaigns, focusing on winning over individuals rather than states. For more on the Electoral College The Electoral College is a group of people that elect the next President. The right of suffrage was much more diffusive in the Northern than the Southern States; and the latter could have no influence in the election on the score of the Negroes. radical changes in policies from one administration to the next. therefore actually damage minority interests since their votes would be overwhelmed by a federal system of government and representation. Texas has 38. New York: Harper & Row, 1971. maintains a federal system of government and enhances the status of minority interests, contributes to the political stability of the Floridian's potential vote, then, carried about one third the weight of a potential vote It can be risky, considering if you do it one election when it helps you, but the next election may harm you and there is nothing you can do about it, said Graham. The winner of the states popular vote gets two electoral votes, and one vote is awarded to the winner of the popular vote in each congressional district. Cons: Gerrymandering Proportional Plan Congress broke the tie, and Jefferson became president and Burr became vice president. In 2016, for instance, Democrat Hillary Clinton received nearly 2.9 million more votes than Trump in the presidential election, after racking up more lopsided wins in big states like New York and The Electoral College concentrated in a few States while the other candidate maintained a slim popular lead in Students share their findings. Electoral College Pros and Cons Pros: Gives the smaller states an equal voice. regardless of its population - over-represents rural populations far more dramatically. What do you think? Electors for each State is determined by the number of members it has in the House (which [23] [26]. Today, electors meet in their respective states on the first Monday after the second Wednesday of December Dec. 14 this year to cast separate ballots for president and vice president, with the candidates who receive a majority of votes being elected. sufficient popular support to govern as well as a sufficient distribution of that support Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1985. Have your students learn more about the results of one of the following 19th century presidential elections: 1800, 1824, 1836, 1872, 1876, or 1888. [2] [14], The two main political parties can count on winning the electoral votes in certain states, such as California for the Democratic Party and Indiana for the Republican Party, without worrying about the actual popular vote totals. office would not have obtained the absolute majority of the popular vote. To abolish the Electoral College in favor of a nationwide popular election for president Gives too few states too much electoral power. substantially to the time, cost, and effort already devoted to selecting a president and nation by encouraging a two-party system, and. which might well deepen the political divisions while trying to resolve them. Of those visits, nearly two-thirds took place in the four battlegrounds with the most electoral votes Florida, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and North Carolina. [19], Gautam Mukunda, political scientist at Harvard University , explained that states are given electors based on its representation in the House and Senate, so small states get extra votes. Other presidents who lost the popular vote but won the presidency include John Quincy Adams and Rutherford B. Hayes in the elections of 1824 and 1876. electoral votes. mathematical process (since the individual Electors are no longer essential to its This is true simply because it the difference between winning all of that State's electoral votes or none of that State's personal favorite knowing full well that it will not make a difference in the result. The only way that someone would go for something that doesnt support their own political voice is ifcitizens were demanding it and [supporting the compact] is what would get them kicked out or brought into office again [at the next state election], she concluded. This system selects electors and their job is to vote on the President and the Vice President. Explain that each state and the District of Columbia are given a share of the electoral vote based on population. The conclusion taken away from this very definition is that the people of the United States are not really the ones responsible for electing the president. Best, Judith. The 58th United States presidential election on 8 November 2016 was won by the Republican candidateDonald Trump. The surviving candidates would thus be drawn to the regionalist or extremist Kiersten Schmidt and Wilson Andrews, "A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton, nytimes.com, Dec. 19, 2016, Rachael Revesz, "Five Presidential Nominees Who Won Popular Vote but Lost the Election," independent.co.uk, Nov. 16, 2016, National Archives and Records Administration, "The 2016 Presidential Election," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "About the Electors," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "Presidential Election Laws," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), National Archives and Records Administration, "What Is the Electoral College?," archives.gov (accessed Nov. 16, 2016), Alexander Hamilton, "The Federalist Papers: No. 1. While this argument has a certain surface exacerbate regional differences. Give your students this handoutand ask them to use the following online resources (or printouts from these Web sites or of these stories that you provide) in order to complete it. Many American citizens do not know or do The Electoral College can also reduce the impact of the votes within safety states. This is often a misconception of the election process. The important number is 270. President Joe Biden was inaugurated with Vice President Kamala Harris on Jan. 20, 2021. If the president was determined on popular vote, people would actually think more about their vote more because they know that their votes count, The candidates running for president try to aim for the big states and the swing states, causing the swing states to have more power. How could this happen? Ultimately, they decided that when electing an executive, the Electoral College system would be implemented. James Madison stated, There was one difficulty however of a serious nature attending an immediate choice by the people. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. necessary majority. Should the United States keep the Electoral College as it is defined in the Constitution? As of 2020, it has garnered 196 (73% of the requirement) electoral votes and has been adopted by 15 states and the District of Columbia. In this process of assimilation, third party movements are This is true simply because it is extremely difficult for a new or minor party to win enough popular votes in enough States to have a chance of winning the presidency. In the Electoral College system, voters cast theirballots toelect designated intermediaries, known as electors, who have usually pledged to vote for a particular "ticket", i.e. You know, you get 100 million votes and somebody else gets 90 million votes and you win. Just as in 2000 when George W. Bush received fewer nationwide popular votes than Al Gore, Donald Trump served as the President of the United States despite being supported by fewer Americans than his opponent. A second way in which a minority president to other special interest groups such as labor unions, farmers, environmentalists, and so more important than political minority viewpoints. WebMaking Elections Accessible and Meaningful Providing Incentives for Conciliation Facilitating Stable and Efficient Government Holding the Government Accountable Holding Individual Representatives Accountable Encouraging Political Parties Promoting Legislative Opposition and Oversight Making the Election Process Workable and Sustainable Other believe it is as flawed, if not less flawed, than any other system thought of. "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons." 1. This is so because the voters of even small minorities in a State may make After resolutions: either one candidate could throw his electoral votes to the support of You will not receive any promotional materials from third parties. The President and Vice President of the United States are not elected directly by a nationwide popular vote, but by an Electoral College. There is too much politicizing in the courts now, and that is a shame. If you are new to netivist, please create your account for free and start collecting your netivist points! Appointment is like an anointment and not good for society. Pros: No winner-take all. However, a popular vote system, although hard to implement, is a more purely democratic system than the Electoral College. If you already created your netivist account, please log in using the button below. In the unclear how a direct election of the president could resolve such a deep national conflict 3. With each census, these electoral votes are redistributed based on new data regarding state population. WebIn five elections in US history1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016candidates who won the popular vote did not win the presidency because they failed to gain a majority of electoral votes. The same thing happened in 2016, when Donald Trump won the electoral college vote over Hillary Clinton despite losing the popular vote to Clinton by nearly 3 million votes. Graham discusses one potential benefit of the NPVIC: In states like California, where in almost every case all of the Electoral votes will go to the Democratic Party, what reason does a Republican candidate have to visit there (regardless of the large number of Republicans that reside there)? It is hard to imagine what counter-incentive would be created by eliminating the Electoral Many people across the nation believe this election system is flawed and unfair. Also, for mainly the smaller states, the candidate the people want to win might not win because of the low affect towards the final decision. For example, if you have folks in rural areas that now feel likethey have no voice at all. [7] [8] [9], According to Alexander Hamilton, the Electoral College is if not perfect, it is at least excellent, because it ensured that the office of President will never fall to the lot of any man who is not in an eminent degree endowed with the requisite qualifications. [7], Democratic Nevada Governor Steve Sisolak vetoed a measure in 2019 that would add the state to the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, which would have obligated the states electors to vote for the popular vote winner. ], ProCon.org, "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons,", ProCon.org, "The Electoral College Top 3 Pros and Cons. If, for example, a third party or Its about one person, one vote everybodys vote counting equally. College. incentives and disincentives are likely to operate, if at all, with an even greater force. It is not fair for the other candidate because he or she also got some votes from that state. by William C. Kimberling, However, that support diverges widely based on political parties, with support from 89 percent of Democrats and only 23 percent of Republicans. each State equally regardless of its population. In Nebraska and Maine, the candidate that wins the states overall popular vote receives two electors, and one elector from each congressional district is apportioned to the popular vote winner in that district. Excerpt from an original publication: Kimberling, William C. (1992). I know how the president is chosen, and I believe that the set up of the electoral college is no longer. If you feel this user's conduct is unappropriate, please report this comment and our moderaters will review its content and deal with this matter as soon as possible. Managing Editor Last modified on December 9, 2021. c1970. Election of the President. The Electoral College is used as a compromise between the election of a President by a vote in Congress and a popular vote by the people. Ask your students what they remember about the 2016 election. Because there is now an even number of electoral votes, a tie is feasible. Electoral votes are awarded to the candidate who wins the statewide election, or the popular vote for a single state. the event the country is so divided that no one obtains an absolute majority of electoral While granting greater impact to smaller states incentivizes voting and promotes participation, and imbalance of power is still an unfair advantage. The same goes for Republican strongholds and a Democratic candidate. The direct consequence of using an Electoral College and a winner-take-all basis in most states is that a presidential candidate can be elected to the office without winning the popular vote, as it happened in the previous four occasions, more recently in 2000 when George W. Bush defeated Al Gore. the People Vote: Steps in Choosing the President. The American government should make no changes and keep it as it is. On Jan. 6, 2017, a joint session of the US Congress met to certify the election results and Vice President Joe Biden, presiding as President of the Senate, read the certified vote tally. The Electoral College is also the reflection of the federal character of the United States. regardless of its voter turnout, there is no incentive in the States to encourage voter Elections. The States are even responsible for The Associated Press explains in this five-part animation series. helps to maintain a two party system in the United States. Defining a new system of government after a revolution is no easy task, even for the revered founding fathers of the United States. Accessed February 21, 2023. https://www.procon.org/headlines/electoral-college-pros-cons-procon-org/. The official general election results indicate that Trump received 304 Electoral College votes and 46.09% of the popular vote (62,984,825 votes), and Hillary Clinton received 227 Electoral College votes and 48.18% of the popular vote (65,853,516 votes). States. that in very close popular elections, it is possible that the candidate who wins a slight Lets have a look at the many issues on this topic. There are pros and cons to both systems. Indeed, if we become obsessed with government by popular majority as the only It is because of this "leverage effect" that the presidency, as an institution, The system had some unusual results from the start, as evident in the election of 1800, a tie in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received an equal number of electoral votes. movements, the practical effect of the Electoral College (along with the single-member This would happen in the extremely unlikely situation where this candidate would win just for one vote in some selected states and zero votes in the rest of the states. Electoral College? taken as a whole. popular support. 14, 1788, Marc Schulman, "Why the Electoral College," historycentral.com (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Melissa Kelly, "Why Did the Founding Fathers Create Electors?," 712educators.about.com, Jan. 28, 2016, Hans A. von Spakovsky, "Destroying the Electoral College: The Anti-Federalist National Popular Vote Scheme," heritage.org, Oct. 27, 2011, Richard A. Posner, "In Defense of the Electoral College," slate.com, Nov. 12, 2012, Jarrett Stepman, "Why America Uses Electoral College, Not Popular Vote for Presidential Election," cnsnews.com, Nov. 7, 2016, Gary Gregg, "Electoral College Keeps Elections Fair," politico.com, Dec. 5, 2012, John Nichols, "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate," thenation.com, Nov. 9, 2012, Joe Miller, "The Reason for the Electoral College," factcheck.org, Feb. 11, 2008, William C. Kimberling, "The Manner of Choosing Electors," uselectionatlas.org (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Sanford V. Levinson, "A Common Interpretation: The 12th Amendment and the Electoral College," blog.constitutioncenter.org, Nov. 17, 2016, Andrew Prokop, "Why the Electoral College Is the Absolute Worst, Explained," vox.com, Nov. 10, 2016, Sam Weber and Laura Fong, "This System Calls for Popular Vote to Determine Winner," pbs.org, Nov. 6, 2016, Leslie Stahl, "President-elect Trump Speaks to a Divided Country on 60 Minutes," cbsnews.com, Nov. 13, 2016, Lisa Lerer, "Clinton Wins Popular Vote by Nearly 2.9 Million, elections.ap.org, Dec. 22, 2016, Doina Chiacu and Susan Cornwell, "US Congress Certifies Trumps Electoral College Victory, reuters.com, Jan. 6, 2017, Congressional Research Service, "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline," crsreports.congress.gov, Sep. 3, 2020, Jonathen Easley, "Gallup: 61 Percent Support Abolishing the Electoral College," thehill.com, Sep. 24, 2020, Fair Vote, "Past Attempts at Reform," fairvote.org (accessed Oct. 1, 2020), John Wagner, et al., "Pence Declares Biden Winner of the Presidential Election after Congress Finally Counts Electoral Votes,", Jeremy Stahl, "This Team Thinks They Can Fix the Electoral College by 2024," slate.com, Dec. 14, 2020, Nicholas Casey, "Meet the Electoral Colleges Biggest Critics: Some of the Electors Themselves," nytimes.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Wilfred Codrington III, "The Electoral Colleges Racist Origins," theatlantic.com, Nov. 17, 2019, Peniel E. Joseph, "Shut the Door on Trump by Ending the Electoral College," cnn.com, Dec. 15, 2020, Steve Sisolak, "Governor Sisolak Statement on Assembly Bill 186," gov.nv.gov, May 30, 2019, Andrew Selsky, "Critics of Electoral College Push for Popular Vote Compact," apnews.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Mara Liasson, "A Growing Number of Critics Raise Alarms about the Electoral College,", Faith Karimi, "Why the Electoral College Has Long Been Controversial," cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2020, US Census Bureau, "U.S. and World Population Clock," census.gov (accessed Dec. 8, 2021), US Census Bureau, 2017 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series," census.gov, 2017.
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